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Bài 1:

PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{2}\) , ta được Mg dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{Mg\left(pư\right)}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,05=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg\left(dư\right)}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgCl_2}=0,05.95=4,75\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

Bài 2:

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{14,7}{98}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\) , ta được Al dư.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{H_2SO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,2-0,1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Al\left(dư\right)}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,05.342=17,1\left(g\right)\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

Bài 3:

PT: \(2M+6HCl\rightarrow2MCl_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,704}{22,4}=0,21\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_M=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow M_M=\dfrac{3,78}{0,14}=27\left(g/mol\right)\)

Vậy: M là nhôm (Al).

Bài 4:

PT: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)

Ta có: \(n_P=\dfrac{6,2}{31}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{4}>\dfrac{0,2}{5}\) , ta được P dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=0,08.142=11,36\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

bạn từng câu lên sẽ dễ nhìn hơn 

\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2.4}{24}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)

\(0.1....................................0.1\)

\(V_{H_2}=0.1\cdot22.4=2.24\left(l\right)\)

\(2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}2H_2O\)

\(0.1.....0.05\)

\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.5-0.05\right)\cdot32=14.4\left(g\right)\)

\(a,PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2\cdot0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Vì \(\dfrac{n_{Zn}}{1}>\dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\) nên sau p/ứ Zn dư

\(\Rightarrow n_{Zn}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,15\cdot65=9,75\\ \Rightarrow m_{Zn\left(dư\right)}=13-9,75=3,25\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)

\(a.Đặt:n_{Mg}=3x\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=x\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{hh}=3x.24+x.56=19,2\\ \Rightarrow x=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,15.3.24=10,8\left(g\right);m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\\ b.Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=0,45+0,15=0,6\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)

\(n_{HCl}=2,5.0,2=0,5mol\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0,2  <  0,5                            ( mol )

0,2      0,4            0,2         0,2     ( mol )

Chất dư là HCl

\(m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5-0,4\right).36,5=3,65g\)

\(V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)

\(C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

Chúc bạn học tốt!

\(n_{Al}=\frac{2,7}{27}=o,1mol\)

n HCl = o,2 mol 

        2 Al +6 HCl →2AlCl₃ + 3H2

bđ:   0,1

đang bận !